Afro-American Music Essay - 560 Words

In Cornell West reading on Afro-American Music: From Bebop to Rap; West discussed three major points about Afro-American music. West also discuss on how Afro-American music alienated young people. Afro-American music, its rhythmic effects are meaningless with status quo according to West. Afro-American music is a reflection on Afro-American culture since the early times as slavery. According to West â€Å"First, the rise of the United States as a world power focused international attention more pointedly on native U.S. cultural forms and styles.† As the Untied States grew in power, so did Afro-American music came to be with a social freedom and linguistic wealth instead of pecuniary wealth. Example, Jazz with its melody and vocalization†¦show more content†¦Also, songs that influent the Afro-American community as the folk blue in 1900th to the 1950th southern blues and the smooth jazz 1990th change by recording industry. Motown was the main cause, which made Afro-American music boom cross the United States according to West. Motown was a recording companying build by Berry Gordy in 1958, which made black musicians, writers, singers and producers a phenomenal success. Since, Motown was establish, West say that Afro-American lost its music soul touch by artists as James Brown who made â€Å"I wanna know if it’s good to you† and †˜Losse Booty.† Also, the Temptations songs as â€Å"My girl† and â€Å"Since I lost my baby†, which absolutely had no heritage music as previous Afro-American music had for black religious, gospel and its soul. As Afro-American music grew so did Motown records, which became a so call â€Å"sell out† among the black community. Motown made Afro-American music from folk music about the spiritual struggle, personal empowerment, human rights and perseverance about the Afro-American community to a commercially market within the white American audience. According to West, Motown distort and produced music for Afro-American to dance: twist, jerk, boogaloo, philly dogShow MoreRelatedAfro American Music And Its Influences On America2128 Words   |  9 PagesAfro-American music has a rich history in the United States and is vital when considering American music in general. There is a disagreement among scholars whether Afro-American music and its distinctive styles have positively affected race relations in the United States. Its history is so large that there is no doubt that there were, and continue to be, both negative and positive effects among the population. It is important to examine th e entirety of black music in the U.S. from its African rootsRead MoreBrazil And Its Impact On America1872 Words   |  8 Pagesonly mined gold in Rio and surrounding areas, they also were responsible for building many of the beautiful sculptures and landmarks that remain today. African influence is present in many areas in the Brazilian culture. Some of these areas include music (such as samba festivals like carnival), religion, and food as can be seen in the cults of African deities of the candomblà © as well as the delicious appetizers sold by baianas on the streets of Salvador da Bahia. Because of the coerced migration ofRead More Maintaining Cultural Identity in the Face of Adversity Essay1445 Words   |  6 Pagesthe century, Sea Island Gullahs, descendants of African Captives, remained isolated from the mainland of South Carolina and Georgia. As a result of their isolation, the Gullah created and maintained a distinct, imaginative, and original African American Culture. Gullah communities recalled, remembered, and recollected much of what their ancestors brought with them from Africa†¦ - Prologue to Julie Dash’s Daughters of the Dust The people who settled in the United States from all over the worldRead MoreThe Black Of Black Arts Movement Essay2194 Words   |  9 Pagesartistic ideology that was developed from many Black Americans who desired self-determination and separation from the white community. Several of the artists who contributed to the Black Arts Movement included, but is not limited to, Leroi Jones, also known as Amiri Baraka, Larry Neal, Nikki Giovanni, and Sonia Sanchez. They sought to create art that spoke directly to the issues, needs, aspirations and sociopolitical rights of Black Americans. Overall, this movement is one of the most influentialRead MoreThe Black Freedom Movement of the 1950’s and 1960’s2001 Words   |  9 PagesFor my essay, I have chosen to discuss the statement â€Å"The Black Freedom Movement of the 1950’s and 1960’s captured the attention of millions†¦ As American Americans started streaming into American cities, or what American corporat ions call â€Å"†major markets† U.S. businesses sought to influence the consumption patterns of these increasingly important black consumers.† I have chosen to discuss this title because I believe it had an extremely rich and interesting background to it as well as being ableRead MoreThe Road For Discrimination Is Still A Work Of Progress2600 Words   |  11 PagesAlthough the road to discrimination is still a work in progress, we as African American are making great strides. There have been numerous acts, bill and movements over the years that have said or promised change only to be altered. They were meant to improve the lives of everyone, but was the better life meant for African American in the 1800’s up until now. The events and developments in this assignment will depict why there has to be continues effects to improve our way of life. It was the leadersRead MoreThe Importance Of Saving And Sharing The Heritage Of Our African Ancestors1688 Words   |  7 PagesAfricans carried within them first landing first in the Bahamas then to the Americas a rich tradition. What traits of our African ancestors installed in each of us that is shared among African Americans and African Bahamians. It is amazing the similarities of how the African were brought to the Bahamas and the Americans. When Christopher Columbus made land fall in the Bahamas on the island now named San Salvador, he found the land inhabited by what we call Arawak Indians that were thought to have arrivedRead More Dominicans And Afro-americans Essay944 Words   |  4 PagesIn America today, there is a large and diverse African-American population. Within this population, there are several ethnic groups. The other ethnic group similar to Afro-Americans is Dominicans. Not only are they both minorities, but they also look similar as well. Both Dominicans and Afro-Americans are originally from Africa, but their slave masters separated them into two different cultures. African-Americans was African slaves of Americans, and Dominicans were African slaves of the Spanish. HevesiRead MoreResearch: How did Cuba and Brazil Affect Popular Music, Culture and Dance in the 1940’s and 50’s?1305 Words   |   6 PagesBrazil affect popular music, culture and dance in the 1940’s and 50’s? A. Plan For Investigation How did Cuba and Brazil affect popular music, culture and dance in the 1940’s and 50’s? In this investigation I am going to establish what affects Cuba and Brazil had on popular music and dance. The first thing I’m going to do is discover how the music from Cuba and Brazil spread to America, the center of music. While doing my research I will be looking at what types of music were popular in CubaRead More Puerto Rican Music as Representation of Their History and Culture1423 Words   |  6 PagesPuerto Rican Music as Representation of Their History and Culture Puerto Rican music is an evolving art form that expresses Puerto Rican culture and identity. The development of Puerto Rican music is also a reflection of their history, both being complicated by several layers. Social, political, and economic conditions are all related to the musical expressions of Puerto Ricans (Glasser, 8). Puerto Rican migration to the United States and the culture clash experienced by migrants is another

The Allegorical Nature of The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson

Hit it! Hit it! Hit it! Don’t lose your aim, because if you lose it, you lose the way. A birthday party without a pià ±ata just doesnt seem to be a birthday party. Theres a joy that tiptoes up and takes over the whole party when the expectation of candy, the ability for young children to handle a bat and destroy something, and parents can mess with the little children. The element of danger and malice all in good fun is in the air and it makes a giddy happiness that is addictive to the point where they are giggling and laughing before they know they are or the reason why they are. Handling a bat blindfolded while laughing hysterically is a time that nobody should miss. In â€Å"The Lottery,† by Shirley Jackson, things are done the way they have always been done, even if there is no reason why. Certain people remember where the rituals created, and certain people seem to know why they are important. Yet tradition is important, so they continue. â€Å"The Lottery† is an excellent example of an allegorical short story. Jackson uses symbolism through the description of the characters, significant objects, and the actions in the story. Consider two important symbols in the story—the box and the stool. The postmaster, Mr. Summers, followed by Mr. Graves, carried the three-legged stool and put it in the center of the square. He set the black box down on it. The old box is black. Black is associated with power, elegance, formality, death, evil, and mystery. Neither the box nor the stoolShow MoreRelatedA Feminist Perspective of The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson Essay864 Words   |  4 Pages Shirley Jacksons The Lottery is an allegorical depiction of societys flaws and cruel principles and the effects they have on its citizens and more specifically, its women. The literal level of The Lottery illustrates a towns chilling tradition of a random selection of death by stoning of a certain person. Figuratively, however, one aspect of Jacksons short story bravely reveals the reality of societys control over women by placing on them expectations and limitations. Read MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson880 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery† is a fictional short story written by Shirley Jackson is a that signifies the obeying rules and tradition, as well as being rebellious. This all suggests that their not so lucky â€Å"lottery† is a conventional ceremony. The story centers on a small town on the town’s day of their once-a-year Lottery. The significance of the town Lottery is to ensure their belief to sacrifice in order to be given a plethora of rain to obtain a good farming season the coming year. The story focuses around

The Effects Of Standardized Testing On Student s...

Throughout the U.S., the number of standardized tests are increasing in schools and the excessive testing measures are affecting a student’s intelligence negatively. In the last few years, standardized testing have become a debate about if children are being tested too much and whether teachers are spending too much time preparing students for these tests instead of learning the curriculum. The new standardized test system is Common Core. These tests are administered in grades K-12 and have become a debate in Congress that this should be removed and replaced with something better that illustrates a student’s knowledge. There should be fewer standardized tests and the government should give more funding for schools that are struggling and poor-performing. The No Child Left Behind Act is federally funded and it sets certain standards for schools. Due to this act, schools put a big emphasis on standardized testing because this is how it determines a student’s intel ligence. In public schools, teachers only teach what will be on the test, instead of teaching the actual curriculum. This is known as â€Å"teaching to the test†. Teachers advise students to study for the tests but they may not tell them what to study because they might not not know what will be on the test. After the students complete the test, they are graded and teachers are graded based on how students do on the tests. This adds pressure for students to do well on the test because teachers could get fired for notShow MoreRelatedStandardized Tests Are Not A Success1347 Words   |  6 PagesStandardized Tests are Not a Success Standardized testing has been ruling over the lives of students, making or breaking them in their education without fair judgement. Tests like the SAT and the ACT count for way too much when applying to colleges, which in turn limits the student s capabilities to thrive in an environment that would benefit them. There are many problems within a standardized test that deems them to be unreliable as a true test of knowledge. Although designed to test groups ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Claude Steele s Influence On Minority Students1587 Words   |  7 Pagesself-affirmation theory and its role in self-regulation and the academic under-achievement of minority students and women. Steele explained the academic under achievement of minority students with stereotype threat which is when racial and gender stereotypes can affect minority and womens grades, test scores, and academic identity.(Lasnier, 2009).For many years’ stereotype threat has affected minority students learning making it hard to focus on school because of their environment putting stereotypes inRead MoreHigh School Schools Should Not Be Based On Student Performance Essay2225 Words   |  9 Pagesof education. One of my strongest beliefs is that student performance targets, school ratings, and support from the government for schools should not be based on student’s performance on standardized tests and state-mandated exams. Often times, especially in public schools, schools are given a ranking or a report card based off of how well their students did on that year’s exam. That score that the school receives then becomes the target for students to reach the following year. However, the governmentRead MoreRacial Stereotypes On Race, By President Abraham Lincoln1908 Words   |  8 PagesAs President Abraham Lincoln, one of our country s most idolized figures said, Achievement has no color. Yet under the power structure of race, the definition of achievement and success is evermore confined by our racial identity. Therefore, racial stereotypes attacking students of colors have severe implications on their performance in academic domains. Defined, racism is a false belief in White supremacy that handicaps society, a system that upholds Whites as superior to all other groups,Read MoreResearch Paper on Stereotype Threat1653 Words   |  7 PagesStereotype Threat in a High Stakes Testing Environment Jennifer J. Krebs Wilkes University Abstract Given the rapidly changing demographics of today’s classrooms combined with the high-stakes testing environment created by the passage of No Child Left Behind, it is important to understand potential explanations for the persistence of achievement gaps. Explanations for the achievement gap have included high populations of English Language Learners (ELLs), socioeconomic issues, lack of resourcesRead MoreStandardized Test Scores Of Racial Minority Students3402 Words   |  14 PagesI. Introduction The achievement gap is evident in the standardized test scores of racial minority students. When examining demographic information published by College Board Inc. and ACT Inc., it is evident that there exists a widening gap between the scores of African-American adolescents on the SAT, or the Scholastic Aptitude Test, and the ACT, or American College Test. Statistics from the 2013 SAT show African-American students earning scores of 431 in critical reading, 429 in mathematics, andRead MoreThe Big 5 Personality Theory And Academic Motivation2001 Words   |  9 Pagesfactors. Academic performance, whether one is in elementary school or pursuing a Bachelors degree, is determined by more than just raw intelligence and potential: personality plays a great role as well. Keywords: Big 5, extroversion, conscientiousness, openness, agreeableness, neuroticism, academic performance, academic motivation, work drive, GPA, intelligence. Academic Success-How Personality Fits in the Equation 　　Though education and academic success is important in most developedRead MoreFinal Study Guide5129 Words   |  21 Pageslearning can best be described as a achievement b aptitude c intelligence d ability 7 The potential for learning a specific skill can best be described as a achievement b aptitude c intelligence d ability 8 Ones general potential, independent of prior learning, can best be described as a achievement b aptitude c intelligence d ability Final Exam Study Guide Psychological Test Measurement 2 9 Achievement, aptitude and intelligence can be encompassed by the term a human potential b human traitsRead MoreExploring the Formation of â€Å"Perspective Fixedness† Through Established Theories1100 Words   |  5 Pagesperspectives in any given situation is a strength and often seen as an indicator of intelligence or at least, competence. This fluidity of perspective is a prominent part of many entrance tests for gifted children in schools (McGlonn-Nelson, 2005). In everyday cultural interactions, however, the quality does not seem to be endorsed or encouraged and in looking at the System Justification Theory, one can see why. Standardized thinking preserves the status quo and the need for structure and established systemsRead More The Power of Professional Learning Communities Essay2983 Words   |  12 Pagesfalling behind in education compared to other countries. The illiteracy rate is high, and the graduation rates for inner city children are low. The causes of this c risis are everyday problems such as lack of interest in school, poverty, and standardized testing. There are many solutions to the problem, but one solution, Professional Learning Communities, is more effective because teachers, administrators, and parents come together as a whole, to help the children. Despite the child’s background, the

A Rose For Emily By William Faulkner - 970 Words

In the short story, â€Å"A Rose for Miss Emily, the main character, Emily, is shown as a wealthy socialite’s daughter, southern belle, and easily sympathized by most readers. The townspeople view her as a strange, lonesome individual; however, there is more to Miss Emily that meets the eye. Miss Grierson is a victim of circumstance. She was clearly depressed and had definitely had a case of separation anxiety, along with many other psychological demons. Miss Grierson is not a cold-hearted villain, but a sad, and misunderstood heroine who just longed to be loved. During the time period of Faulkner’s tale, women were not seen as people. They had no right to vote, could not own property, or even choose whom they could marry. Women of this time were basically objects. They had to get married and have children. Emily’s father, Mr. Grierson was a wealthy man from the South. Many suitors were presented Emily for her hand in marriage but her father always refused. It seems, Mr. Grierson may have denied Emily a marriage with these suitors as a way to control her. All women got married during this time period, the fact that Emily’s father did not give away her hand essentially meant she would always be single. The man was the patriarch of the family, therefore, Emily could not marry unless she had her father’s blessing. By the time Emily’s father passed away she was not only single, but now fatherless. After his passing, Emily refused to give up her father’s body, claiming he was notShow MoreRelatedA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner923 Words   |  4 PagesA Rose for Emily; A Tale of The Old South William Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi in 1897 but lived most of his life in Oxford, a small town nearby. After dropping out of high school then briefly joining the Canadian Air Force, he returned home and completed three terms at the University of Mississippi (Fulton 27). During his early twenties Faulkner spent time in New Orleans and Europe before returning to Oxford and publishing his first book of poems. In 1929 he married Estelle FranklinRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1729 Words   |  7 PagesJune 24, 2015 â€Å"A Rose for Emily† In every neighborhood there is always that one house that is a mystery to everyone. A house that everyone wants to know about, but nobody can seem to be able to dig up any answers. It’s the type of place that you would take any opportunity or excuse to get to explore. The littler that is known, the more the curiosity increases about this mysterious place or person. In the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, this mysterious person is Emily Grierson, andRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner949 Words   |  4 PagesIn William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† it is clear how Emily’s gender affects how the individuals in the town perceive her. Emily’s gender particularly affects how men understand her. Throughout the whole piece Emily is seen as a helpless individual who is lonely and has suffered losses throughout her life. When the reader reaches the end of the story the actions that Emily has taken is unexpected because of the way she is perceived by the narrator. In the beginning of the story, when the wholeRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1577 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Sarah Markins Dr. Bibby ENG 107 February 11, 2015 â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, written by William Faulkner in 1931, follows a series of peculiar events in Miss Emily Griersons life. Written in third person limited, Faulkner utilizes flashbacks to tell of the period between the death of Emily’s father and her own passing. Split into five short sections, the story starts out with the townspeople of Jefferson remembering Emily’s legacy and how each new generation ofRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1552 Words   |  7 PagesRyan Dunn Mrs. Williams English 11 March 11, 2016 In the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, the reader is given a glimpse of the internal conflict of the main character, living in the past, and the involvement of an over involved society causing the reader to look into the consciousness of an individual haunted by a past and lack of a future. The story is set in a post-Civil War town in the South. He is able to give the reader a glimpse of the practices and attitudes that had unitedRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1507 Words   |  7 Pages1897, William Cuthbert Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi. He stands as one of the most preeminent American writers of the twentieth century. His literary reputation included poetry, novels, short stories, and screenplays. Faulkner won two Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction and the Nobel Prize in Literature. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a short fascinating story written by William Faulkner and it was his first short story published in a national m agazine. The story involved an old woman named Emily GriersonRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner883 Words   |  4 PagesIn the timeless classic, â€Å"A rose for Emily† by William Faulkner we are introduced to Emily Grierson, a matured sheltered southern woman; born to a proud, aristocratic family presumably during the American Civil War. Through out the short story William Faulkner uses many literary devices such as symbolism, metaphors and allegory to play with â€Å"time† and how time reflects upon his main character Emily Grierson. Emily being one who denies the ability to see time for what it is linear and unchangeableRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1270 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† thoroughly examines the life of a strange woman name Emily Grierson who lives in the town of Jefferson. If we examine â€Å"A Rose for Emily† in terms of formalist criticism, we see that the story dramatizes through setting, plot, characterization, and symbolism on how Miss Emily’s life is controlled by a possessive love she had for her father and lover. William Faulkner uses Emily’s life as the protagonist to examine from a formalist aspect. In orderRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1780 Words   |  8 PagesIn 1930, William Faulkner wrote a five-part story entitled â€Å"A Rose for Emily† that follows the life of a young woman named Miss Emily Grierson. Faulkner sets his story in the Old South, soon after the ending of America’s Civil War, and represents the decaying values of the Confederacy (Kirszner Mandell, 2013a, p. 244). One of these values which the text portrays quite often in â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, is the patriarchal custom of society viewing men as having more importance than their female counterpartsRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1277 Words   |  6 PagesMiss Emily Grierson, the main character in the strange short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† written by William Faulkner. It would be best to examine her in a mental capacity as well as the circumstances that may affect her. Throughout the story, Miss Emily’s unpredictable and eccentric behavior becomes unusual, and the reader, like the townspeople in the story, is left to speculate how Miss Emily has spent years living and sleeping with the body of Homer Barron. An important quote from the story was that

Highlights Such A Breach Of Duty Of Care †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: Whether Benji Can Bring Legal Action For Negligence Against Jack, Bronco, And Parramatta Storms Rugby League Club, Or Not? Whether Harry, Zara And Hilary Have Any Rights Under The Law Of Negligence, Or Not? Answers: Introducation Negligence, as defined under the common law, highlights such a breach of duty of care, due to which the party which owed the duty of care is injured, harmed or bears a loss, which is substantial in nature and which was foreseeable in the given circumstances[1]. The Civil Liability Act, 2002[2], under section 5 defines negligence as a failure of exercising the required skill and care. Harm is something which includes an economic loss, damage to property, and a death or personal injury[3]. There are certain key elements which have to be shown to establish a case of negligence. The first one in this regard is the duty of care. The duty of care is raised in such cases where, owing to the activities under by one person, the other person is harmed, and this harm is reasonably foreseeable[4]. Section 5B of the Civil Liability Act, 2002 contains provisions regarding duty of care, where the person cannot be held negligence till it is shown that the risk was not insignificant, was foreseeable and a reasonable person would have undertaken the precautions to evade it[5]. This duty of care is established due to the relationship between two parties and the proximity between them[6]. For instance, in sports, the duty of care arises between the competitors to competitors; the competitors to spectators; coach to competitors; and the like[7]. The case of Ollier v Magnetic Island Country Club[8] saw the golfer being held for a breach of duty of care for hitting the other golfer with tee shot. The next step is the establishment of the contravention of the owed duty of care. The contravention can be established only when the risk is deemed as foreseeable. So, the person has to know that there are chances, where if the work is not undertaken properly, the other person may get injured[9]. Further, that a prudent individual would have undertaken such precautions. In the matter of Vaughan v Menlove[10], the chances of fire were present, as there was poor ventilation, so a case of negligence was present. Wyong Shire Council v Shirt[11] saw the requirement of the view of a prudent person being taken into account for judging the foreseeability of harm. The last step relates to showing the loss being suffered by the plaintiff. This loss has to be a direct result of the undertaken negligence by the defendant and the harm has to foreseeable and cannot be too remote. In case a claim of negligence is found to be true, the plaintiff can apply for relief[12]. A but-for test was given in Barnett v Chelsea Kensington Hospital[13], where it was held that the damages are to be awarded only in such cases where the injury or harm would not have taken place, if the negligent act had not been undertaken. Vicarious Liability is a common law principle which makes the employer liable for the negligent acts undertaken by the employee[14]. In the case of McCracken v Melbourne Storm[15], the club was held responsible for the injuries sustained by one played due to two of its players undertaking an illegal tackle. In cases of negligence, the defense which can be used by the other party lies in the voluntary assumption of risk. In case it can be shown that the player had voluntarily undertaken the assumption of risk, the case of plaintiff would fail as it is considered that the plaintiff has waived off their rights to complain about any harm or damage[16]. Johnston v Fraxer[17] was a case where the jockey deliberately rode his horse close to other horses which was a breach of the riding rules of the competition. Here, the defendant failed in showing that the plaintiff had given consent to such riding practice. Application In the given case study, in order to hold Jack and Bronco liable for negligence, there is a need to show that they owed a duty of care to Benji. As has been stated in the law part, the proximity and the relationship between two parties decide if duty of care is present. And it has also been stated that in sports, the competitors are in such close proximity that they owe a duty of care to each other, as was seen in Ollier v Magnetic Island Country Club. So, Jack and Bronco owed a duty of care to Benji by being his competitors. The harm was reasonably foreseeable in this case as the Section 10 of the National Rugby Leagues Laws of the Game clearly identified this action as restricted owing to the chances of grave harm to the player due to such injury. On the basis of Vaughan v Menlove, here also a risk of harm was present, so a case of negligence can be established. The duty of care was contravened as a prudent person, on the basis of Wyong Shire Council v Shirt, would have undertaken care in not using the illegal tackle in the sport, as there were high chances of a person being injured badly due to this tackle. So, the second requirement is also established. The harm was such that Benji had to retire from the sports, even when he was at his peak of the career. Based on the but-test given in Barnett v Chelsea Kensington Hospital, the injury would not have occurred if the illegal tackle had not been used. So, owing to the breach of duty of care, resulting in serious harm and foreseeability of loss, Benji can successfully claim damages for the ensuing negligence from Jack and Bronco. The principle of vicarious liability, along with the applicability of case of McCracken v Melbourne Storm, where the facts were similar to the given case study, Parramatta Storms Rugby League Club would be liable for the negligent acts of its players, for being the employer. A defense which can be cited by the defendants is the voluntary assumption of risk can be raised in this question. However, Benji never agreed to an illegal move being used against him and only took such risk which could have resulted in his injury, which were legal. Hence, on the basis of Johnston v Fraxer, the defense of the defendants would fail. To conclude, Benji can successfully bring legal action for negligence against Jack, Bronco, and Parramatta Storms Rugby League Club. And if the defendants opt for the defense of voluntary assumption of risk, their defense would fail. Under the common law, a negligence misrepresentation takes place when a careless representation is made by the defendant, when they did not have any reasonable base for believing it to be true[18]. In Hedley Byrne Co Ltd v Heller Partners Ltd[19], this concept was born. The issue arose when the company regarding which the claimant had sought advice from the defendant defaulted and the claimant was held liable for the debts of the company. In this case, it was held that a duty of care was indeed owed by the defendant; however, the exclusion clause helped them in evading their liability. The court laid down the conditions which have to be present to show a negligent misstatement was present. As per this requirement, reliance has to be placed on the skill to give rise to duty of care. In the given case study, neither Steve, nor George had any base to make a claim that the Sydney real estate market was the best investment around. This is also true since the rumors were present regarding the Federal Capital Gains taxes to be raised. They failed to inform Harry of this information about the possibility in rise of tax rates. Harry, Zara and Hilary made their investments. Applying Hedley Byrne Co Ltd v Heller Partners Ltd, reliance was made by the three. So, a case of negligent misstatement is present here. When the three suffered economic loss, owing to the negligent misstatement of Steve and George, Hilary suffered from clinical depression. Section 5 of the Civil Liability Act, 2002, provides damages for personal injury and economic loss. As the loss here was foreseeable, and directly caused due to negligent misstatement of Steve and George with the presence of reliance on such statement, Harry, Zara and Hilary can apply for economic loss suffered by them. In addition to this, Hilary can also claim for the mental injury suffered by her. References [1] Andy Gibson and Douglas Fraser, Business Law (Pearson Higher Education AU, 2013) [2] Civil Liability Act, 2002 (NSW) [3] Civil Liability Act 2002, s5 [4] Mark Lunney and Ken Oliphant, Tort Law: Text and Materials (Oxford University Press, 5th ed, 2013) [5] Civil Liability Act 2002, s5B [6] Keith Abbott, Norman Pendlebury and Kevin Wardman, Business law (Thompson Learning, 8th ed, 2007) [7] Chris Davies, Negligence And Risk Management And Sport (2012) https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/25604/1/25604_Davies_2012.pdf [8] [2004] Aust Tort Reports 81,743 [9] Pamela Stewart and Anita Stuhmcke, Australian Principles of Tort Law (Federation Press, 2009) [10] (1837) 132 ER 490 [11] (1980) 146 CLR 40 [12] Chris Turner, Unlocking Torts (Routledge, 3rd ed, 2013) [13] [1969] 1 QB 428 [14] Paula Giliker, Vicarious Liability in Tort: A Comparative Perspective (Cambridge University Press, 2010) [15] [2005] NSWCA 107 [16] Pauline Sadler and Rob Guthrie, Sports Injuries and the Right to Damages (2001) https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/LegIssBus/2001/2.pdf [17] (1990) Australian Torts Rep 81-056 [18] Paul Latimer, Australian Business Law 2012 (CCH Australia Limited, 31st ed, 2012) [19] [1964] AC 465

Gold Coast Convention Center Inventory Cycle Report †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Gold Coast Convention Center Inventory Cycle Report. Answer: Introduction Inventory is also called an inventory stock. Basically, it refers to the planning, controlling andmanagement of the stock inventory of a business. Generally, this means the planning and scheduling of the finished product distribution as well as understanding of the consumer needs and wants to be able to satisfy them to the optimum level. However, for a business like Gold Coast Convention Center, it means themanagement of the raw material purchasing, production process and distribution of the already produced product. The business has decided to start offering catering services for its customers; may it be inside the conference center itself or even outside the conference center. This is as a result of its successful sales and business operations. In the business world, when businesses succeed, they tend to expand themselves or decide to venture in many other different service or product production business (Firmin, 2016). Nevertheless, most of the businesses seem to engage in venture s that are a lot similar or related to their original businesses with the hope of relying on the expertise and skills from its original business. Food and Beverage Department Key Issues Apparently, the company has a new Food and Beverage manager who is not completely experienced in the field. The manager seems to know about the sales terms and procedure in the organization but not able to carry out the leadership responsibility as expected. The profits before his reign were $800,000 and after his reign nil. This is a clear indication of how successful the organization was before the era of the new Food and Beverage manager. The new manager did not seem to perform well simply because the company was not making as much profit as before, made losses at some times and if it made any profits, they were very small profits. Also, with the fact that he had not qualified for the position of being a manager, he relied a lot on the experience of his employees which did not give him effective or efficient results at the end of it all. However, this should not be the case for such a business, i.e. in the food and beverage industry. Every manager should be able to work on his own terms and be able to make his own decisions as well as rely on his experience and thinking capacity of his own (Matthews, 2015). This is not the case for Gold Coast Conference manager. In addition to that, the manager has decided to not device new policies, principles and rules for the department. This means that, even with the separation of the department, he decides to still use the old laws to govern its employees and catering operations. He relied on the assumption that the employees are okay with the new structure of the organization as well as the rules governing the department. Every manager should be able to their own rules and regulations to govern their departments. They should enquire from the employees and any other person who is going to be involved with the departmental operations at any time (Hill et al, 2014). Furthermore, the rules should be able to work towards the overall goal and objective which means that they have to be correlated to those of the whole organization. By doing this, every business will certainly be able to achieve their objectives as well as achieve those of the specific organizational departments. Literature Review Evaluation of the Inventory Cycle and Suggested Improvements The organization is receiving a large number of complaints from the consumers in respect to the catering department but specifically the Food and Beverage department. This is a situation that occurred immediately after the new manager was given the role which means that the job that was done did not give the expected results. In addition to that, the business started making much less or even no profits at some times which reflected negatively on the manager as well as on the whole organization. Therefore, for the business to regain its previous identity and popularity among its customers, it has to change the different ways in which it carries out its operations; especially the Food and Beverage department. Therefore, the following are some of the areas that it has to focus on: Purchasing Operations Quality of the materials This relates to the raw material purchasing. Considering the fact that the organization offers catering services, then it means that most of its raw material are purchased from the farmers or the grocery stores for instance, examples of the material may include food and beverage ingredients. Therefore, they should concentrate on buying the best quality materials to be able to produce the best quality foods and beverages (Li, 2014). By doing this, the problem of food quality that has been reported by the customers. Adequacy of the material Apart from purchasing the good quality products, they should also purchase enough inputs in terms of amounts. The organization should ensure that all the ingredients needed for the production of any type of food or beverage is available and enough to produce the amount that was ordered by the customer (Caniato et al, 2014). It should ensure that there are no shortages of the resources simply because it will cause variances in the amounts of food that the consumer has ordered. Therefore, by doing this, the organization will be able to reduce the problems of the food sizes that they are offering to the customers. Freshness of the raw materials To be able to cub the problem of offering bad or almost bad food to their customers which causes illnesses, the organization should be focused on rechecking the viability of its raw materials before they purchase them. It should ensure that the ingredients are all fresh and very well stored even before they are sold to them (Renaud et al, 2008). They should also be clean. As it is well known, effective and efficient inputs produce the best quality products. Therefore, but achieving this, the organization will certainly be able to prepare the best quality food as well as fresh food for its customers. Receiving Operations This operations will certainly be in relation to the receiving of the customers orders and the raw materials. The organization should ensure that the customers orders are not interfered with no matter what. This means that they are received exactly the way the customers have described them. This may be possible when the business devices a method of direct customer order booking directly to the person in charge rather than passing through many channels where there may be possible confusion. Therefore, when the customer is able to make a direct order, they will be able to give a clear explanation and specifications about their order. Therefore, this will reduce the problem that is being reported by the customers about the fact that sometimes the food is unavailable when ordered. When it comes to receiving of the raw materials, the organization should ensure proper transportation system and methods to reduce the period of receiving the materials. Considering the fact that the organization deals with food and beverage services, it most certainly deals with the transportation of perishable raw materials. Therefore, the receiving period should be as short as possible to make sure that they do not go bad or stale before they are used. Also, the business should ensure that the packaging system of the raw materials is done correctly and appropriately. This will ensure that the physical appearance as well as the quality of the material is not interfered with on the process of transportation. Apart from that, the organization should make sure they are handled in the correct way during packaging, transportation and also during the unpacking process (McCormack et al, 2016). For instance, materials like cooking tomatoes should be transported and handles very carefully. Also, decorating flowers for the tables should be handled with care and transported with the fastest process possible so that they do wither. By doing this, the business will be able to achieve the responsibility of using the best quality raw materials for their food preparation and presentations to the customers therefore reducing some of the problems being reported. Storage Operations Every organizations storage operations should be able to accommodate every type and form of raw material and finished product without affecting its quality or appearance. On the contrary, the method of storage of any product or material should be able to increase its viability and lengthen its lasting period. In that case, the following are some of the ways that Gold Coast can improve its storage system: The organization should ensure that its storage system is modern and with modern technology equipment. This basically relates to the warehouses and stores where the materials and finished products are stored. Therefore, the stores should be equipped with the modern, effective and efficient systems and machines that are able to regulate the environmental conditions of the store e.g. refrigerators, freezers, funs, heat regulators to name a few. This means that the warehouses and stores should have the right temperature levels, humidity levels, pH levels, heat degrees among other things. The storage areas should be able to regulate their conditions according to the type of product or material being stored there (Grillo et al, 2012). Through this, the business will be able to maintain the quality of the materials before they are used for production and even improve the quality of the finished products before they are sold; e.g. the quality of drinks like wines. Therefore, this reduces th e possibility of preparing food with stale or expired material and also the possibility of giving stale food to the customers. In addition to that, by having the storage facilities, Gold Coast will be able to store as much materials as possible for future use. Every organization should ensure that its production is continuous and outstanding throughout the business year. Through raw material storage, the business will be able keep its production high even when the materials are scares; especially with Gold Coast business which uses farm products for its production. Therefore, when the material suppliers face challenges in supplying, the business will still be well catered for. In that case, Gold Coast will be able to provide its customers with the amounts and sizes of orders no matter what the season is which reduces and cubs the problem of offering bad quality food and inadequate food amounts. Also, the storage areas should be able to accommodate the many different types of raw materials as well as the finished products. This means that they should be as spacious as possible. This will reduce congestion of the materials and products and hence distorting any of the feature and characteristics of any of them. This basically to reduce the chances of interfering especially with the appearance of the products and the raw materials as well. Production Operations Businesses should ensure that their production operations are effective and efficient for them to be able to make profits. A products production process determines the quality and appearance of the product. Therefore, the production process should be perfect and reliable. Therefore, as for Gold Coast, some of the methods in which it can improve its production operations are: Ensure that the production process is effective and efficient This will entirely rely on the systems, machines, technology and labor force being used for the production process. Therefore, the organization should implement the use of the best and most modern technology that can prepare any type of food or beverage e.g. cookers and microwaves. Also, it should ensure that the employees are skilled, experiences and are experts on the food preparation industry (Azizi, 2015). Additionally, the devices being used should be fast and effective for the purpose i.e. things like knifes, cooking pots, electricity among others. By doing this, the business will be sure of producing the best food quality and in the shortest time possible which reduces the problems being reported by the customers. Also, the organization should reduce the cost of production or food preparation. This is certainly possible by involving the best technology available, good quality but cost effective raw materials, use effective and efficient production strategies or processes among other things. Through this, the business will be able to shorten and make the production as effective as possible. Cost of Goods Sold Calculation Cost of Food Sold= Cost of food sales/Food sales*100% =$315,000/$510,000*100% =61.76% Cost of Beverage Sold=Cost of beverage sold/beverage sales*100% =$112,000/$290,000*100% =38.62% The costs of both the food and beverages are certainly very high compared to those were being incurred before the new manager is put in place. This means that the revenue became very low at some times or even no revenues at most times. This is not a realistic case for any business. Reccomendations Gold Coast Center should work on themanagement qualities and qualifications of the Food and Beverage department. For instance, it should have offered training to the new manager before offering him the new position or even before letting him start on his new role. However, the general manager should make sure that the need manager is supervised and guided not just left to figure out things on his own. This will be a way to help him achieve his departmental objectives hence overall business success (Oropesa et al, 2016). In relation to the losses that the business is incurring and the small profits it is making, it should improve all of its business operations and most importantly themanagement team of the catering department. It should make sure that all the process are working a certain target achievement. Also, if the process does not make profits, they should rethink it or even change it. Also, as for the sake of the raw material purchases operations, the organization should ensure the materials are of good quality for the production of good quality foods and well-priced too. Through this, it will be able to give the customers the quality foods they desire and with realistic prices. Gold Coast should make sure that its storage systems are well placed, spacious and with the best equipment to perform the responsibility they are set to perform. For instance, the warehouses and stores should be equipped with computers to record the raw material inventory, refrigerators and freezers to preserve some materials to name a few things. Also, they should be able to accommodate the required conditions for certain specific materials to keep them fresh and viable. To improve its transportation operations, the business should use techniques that will guarantee raw material safety in terms of quality and appearance. The transportation and handling process at any stage should not interfere with any of the materials as well as the finished products quality. For the sake of improving the production process, Gold Coast should be able to use the most effective process in terms of labor force, technology, equipment and machines (Azizi, 2015). This is simply because the production process is one of the most fundamental stages of product quality and appearance determinants. It is the stage that is likely going to determine whether the product will attract more customers, will be of good quality or the best and expected appearance. Therefore, with this in mind, the business should ensure that the whole process is effective and efficient. Conclusion From the report, Gold Coast has a very long way to go for it to manage and succeed in the food and beverage industry. This is especially when it come to the management skills and practices. Also, it has to be able to run its operations effectively and efficiently to be successful. This means that it has to ensure that all its operations are leaning towards customer satisfaction and profit making. Therefore, it has to follow the techniques mentioned above and take heed of the recommendations given. Through this, it will be able to manage each operation and improve its management and production processes. References Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. 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