Compare and Contrast the Impact of US and Iranian Political Cultures on the Evolution of their Prospective Political Institutions

Introduction The political culture of any society or government is constituted by the various phenomena, as well as, the elements of their social wisdom. Political culture plays a substantial role in the influencing of the both the creation and development of a state and its political institutions. It also has a substantial bearing on the functioning of these institutions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast the Impact of US and Iranian Political Cultures on the Evolution of their Prospective Political Institutions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The role of a political culture in a given jurisdiction is to identify and further stipulate the accepted norms and regulations within the political circles. It is also largely derived form the acceptable ethical norms in the culture of the people who are found within the jurisdiction. Currently, every democratic nation is on the frontline of ensuring t hat they develop their political culture as well as foster their sovereignty/national independence. In doing this, the main emphasis is laid on providing remedies to the issues in the society, but at the same time, maintaining congruency with the modern worldview of politics (Jumaev, 19). This essay critically examines the effect of both the American and Iranian political cultures on their respective political institutions. It begins by first unraveling the characteristics of the respective political cultures. It then analyses each one of them, in regards to their influence on the development of the political institutions, and finally draws a conclusion. Political Culture This term defines a set of commonly held value system, beliefs, and norms in a nation, which describe its economic as well as political character of a people. It can be said to represent the ideas and ideologies that are held dear by the people and this has a bearing on their affiliations with other foreign states or nations. It also explains the relationship among citizens of a nation, their economy, and government. Political culture has a bearing on the decisions and policies that government makes. In the accurate definition of what s political culture is, the explanations offered by both Verba and Pye (513) are quite appropriate; they state that, â€Å"political culture is the system of empirical beliefs, expressive symbols, and values which define the situation in which political action takes place, and provides the subjective orientation to politics.† Pye, as cited in Mibagheri (35) also provides another classical definition of the same by stating that, â€Å"who reiterates that a political culture to consist of only those critical but widely shared beliefs and sentiments that form the ‘particular pattern of orientation’ that give order and form the political process†.Advertising Looking for essay on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get you r first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Political Institutions A political institution refers to a legal entity that is mandated to govern all aspects of life for a given group of people living within a particular jurisdiction. These institutions are heavily influenced by the political culture that prevails in a given society. They are formidable symbols of a nation’s political system and are the platforms from which the elected or appointed public representatives make formulate laws and policies. In addition, they also act as a vital source of information as to how politics influence all the key government decisions and processes. The American Political Culture The American political culture is a major determinant factor in the government’s decision-making process. It also heavily influences America’s foreign policy, which describes the nature of relationship between the US and a particular nation. The political culture borrows heavily from the accepted norms, values, and traditions of the American people. It can be said to have historically originated from both the American peoples’ belief system as well as their experiences in the past. These include attributes such as equality, liberty and the rule of democracy. The political culture also inculcates the national outlook, also referred to as the nation’s ideology. This in turn defines the manner in which a nation approaches legal and political issues both domestically and internationally (Yalof Dautrich 90-150). The American Political Institutions Political institutions are at the heart of American politics and government. They include the law courts (judiciary), legislature (congress), and the executive (President, Vice President, Cabinet and their agencies and/or departments). Each of these branches exercises their own measure of powers and in a specific jurisdiction. However, none of them is dominant over the others. The political institution in America is based on six fundamental principles, which govern the manner in which the entire government system executes its functions. These are explained as follows: The government does not exercise absolute control of power but this is limited by the people. This is to say that the government cannot act in impunity but has to adhere by the constitution.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast the Impact of US and Iranian Political Cultures on the Evolution of their Prospective Political Institutions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is the principle of popular sovereignty, which ensures that political power is wielded by the masses and not a few powerful minorities. There is also the separation of powers in the American political structure. This ensures that there is a harmonious execution of government processes, which results in an efficient dispensation of the powers vested in the government. Again, each o f the branches of government functions to carry out specific roles, which are aimed at promoting democracy and providing justice to the people. The constitution makes provisions for checks and balances for the interest of the people. This means that each of the branches is there to countercheck the other and so ensuring that none of them operates in complete dominance to the others. The constitution also makes provision for the judiciary to review any of the acts and laws for the purposes of ascertaining their correctness against the constitution. The principle of federalism, which prevents the central government from wielding absolute power and control, over local and state governments. The American political process is also guided by the constitution, which dictates the mode of filling up positions in local, state, and federal levels of government. There is freedom of association and democratic space (Yalof Dautrich 90-150). The country has several political parties with the domi nant parties being the Republican and the Democratic parties. The electoral process in America includes the local, state, and federal levels of government. Unlike in Iran, these are conducted in a free and fair manner. The Iranian Political Culture According to Cronin (2010), â€Å"the Iranian Revolution of 1978-1979 wrought a profound transformation not just in the spheres of politics and society but also, like other revolutions, in the realm of intellectual life.† The modern day Iran has undergone major political changes in its culture over the last few millennia. As Iran marks a quarter century since its last revolution, it is important to note the influence that this has had on the development of the political institutions.Advertising Looking for essay on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Iran is among the oldest nations, having a documented history that spans over two and a half centuries. Before the advent of Islam in Iran, the nation was ruled by a monarchy system. After the revolution, Shi’ism replaced the monarch system of government. Shi’ism is based on the teachings of a denomination of Islam called the Shia Islam. This is among the largest of the several known denomination of Islam and its followers are often referred to as Shiites. It is exclusively based on the teachings of the Koran, Islam’s holy book, as taught by Islam’s prophet Muhammad. Unlike the other denominations, Shiites highly regards the descendants of Muhammad’s family, with some of these descendants in positions of influence both spiritually and politically. With the adoption of Shi’ism, the Iranian political culture developed in numerous ways. The most notable being introduction of an Islamic system which was deemed to liberate the nation from the yok e of imperialism and westernization. Other developments included the modification of the principles that governed nationalism. The Iranian Political Institutions Iran’s political culture has heavy undertones of the Persian Empire that ruled the region for centuries in ancient times. The Islamic revolution, which resulted in the toppling of the Shah monarch, gave birth to the modern-day Iran, which is dominated by more than 65 million Shiite Muslims. This form of government can also be viewed as a theocratic one in the sense that the supreme leader, who also is the head of state, is an actually an Islamic cleric. This head of state is appointed, to serve for the rest of their natural life, by an agency of the executive known as the council of guardians. He is the only one who has the power to question the judiciary, can disqualify both the election results and candidates as he pleases. The head of state operates in absolute disregard of the wishes of the citizens and is above the law. It is evident that the form of government and political institutions existing in Iran do not offer a conducive environment for the exercise of democracy as well as other fundamental human rights. The government in Iran is subdivided into branches. These include the supreme leader, who acts as the executive, the head of government or president, the ministers, assembly of experts and several other councils. These operate as mandated by the Iranian constitution that was first adopted in 1979 and again revised in 1989. The Iranian political institutions exercise a strict adherence to the Islamic teachings and culture. The Imams (religious clerics) who exercise totalitarianism govern the country (Moran, Harris Moran 334). This is viewed by the Iranians as the only sure way of ensuring absolute liberation from imperialism and westernization. However, the Americans and a majority of the western countries, view it as extremely oppressive and undemocratic. From the radical Islamic culture, Iran has adopted various policies both on its domestic and international front. A good example is its unyielding support for terrorist organizations such as Hezbollah, a Lebanese Islamist Shiite militia, which Iran believes is fighting a holy wart against Israel. Iran is known to finance, offer military training, and arms to Hezbollah Again, from the Islamic Shiite teachings, Iran has adopted a radical stand as far as global peace and harmony is concerned. As a sovereign country recognized by the United Nations, it defies most of the agreements lobbied by the western world, terming them to be an attempt at imposing imperialist and western ideologies on Iran. This has led to UN Security Council to impose several rounds of economic sanctions and embargoes on Iran. A good example is the recent sanctions imposed on Iran’s energy sector, to halt its highly disputed nuclear programme. These sanctions were lobbied by the American and some European foreign ministers. In Iran , the citizens do not enjoy numerous basic freedoms and human rights. For instance, there is state interference in all general and presidential elections. This denies the people a chance to exercise their democratic rights to elect leaders who they feel will best represent their interests. In addition, the openly radical Islamist regime in Iran has and is still viewed as oppressive both in the eyes of a minority of Iranians and globally. Currently there is widespread violation of human rights. The government continues to hunt down and execute all its citizens who dare criticize it. These include several human rights activists, journalists, minority religious and ethnic groups. The Impact of US and Iranian Political Cultures on the Evolution of their Prospective Political Institutions It is now evident that the political culture of a people greatly influences the evolution of their country’s political institutions. In the case of America and Iran, their political institutions have greatly been shaped by the political culture of the people. The Islamic republic of Iran is among the world’s 42 nations in which Islam has a major following (Moran, Harris Moran 331). In Iran, the political institutions exercise little regard for equality and rights. According to Archer and Lloyd (8), Iranian women are denied basic gender equality rights. They are obligated to stay at home, denied education and even forced to wear the chador (Islamic traditional clothing for women, usually having a veil that covers their entire face). On the other hand, the American political culture and institutions have borrowed heavily from Christian teachings. The core beliefs of freedom liberty and equality are all indoctrinated into the functioning of the American political institutions. There is room for tolerance and exercise of freedom and rights as spelt out in the constitution. People from all walks of life are able to peacefully coexist, without any form of discrimination t argeted at them. This includes all diverse manner of minority groups and ethnic communities. Both citizens and non-citizens residing in America enjoy a great deal of liberalism. This means that their basic liberal values, such as the freedom of press, speech etc, are not interfered with by the government (Akerman 35-40). Conclusion The evolutionary process of the political institutions in both America and Iran has largely been determined by the political cultures of the people. The hostility that exists between the two states finds its origin in the stark contrast that these nations share as far as their political culture is concerned. The American government has always been on the frontline in protesting against the state of affairs in Iran. These include the abuse of human rights, nuclear programme, support of terrorism and the instability of the Middle East region, which the US largely blames on Iran. On the other hand, Iran is America’s biggest rival in the Middle East re gion. It openly opposes the American foreign policy especially concerning the region, and support radical Islamist militia and terrorist groups that target America and its allies including Israel. Works Cited Akerman, Ella. Political Culture Case Studies. Surrey, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom. 2003. Archer, John Lloyd, Barbara B. Sex and Gender. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 2002. Cronin, Stephanie. â€Å"Historiography and Political Culture in Twentieth Century Iran: Writing Modern Iranian History.† International Institute of Social History. 2010. 26 October 2010. https://iisg.amsterdam/en/research. Jumaev, Rustam Z. â€Å"New Ways of Thinking and Political Culture,† in Shermukhamedov, Said and Levinskaya, Victoriya. Spiritual Values and Social Progress. CRVP. 2000. Mibagheri, Farid. â€Å"Political Culture Case Studies: Political Culture Its Impact on Politics -The Case of Iran.† Conflict Studies Research Centre, pp. 35-41, March 2003. Web. Moran, Robert T., Harris, Philip R. and Moran, Sarah V. Managing Cultural Differences: Global Leadership Strategies for the 21st Century. NY, Butterworth-Heinemann. 2007. Verba, Sidney Pye, Lucian. â€Å"Comparative Political Culture† in Political Culture and Political Development. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985. Yalof, David Dautrich, Kenneth. American Government: Historical, Popular, Global Perspectives. OH, Cengage Learning. 2008. 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The focus of HRD is to develop a superior workforce that will result to accomplishment of individual and organizational goals in serving customers. HRD may be formal or informal. Formally, HRD is conducted in a classroom setup where a course is offered. Informal HRD involves employee coaching by a supervisor within the working station. In an organizational setup, performance management is defined as the process of putting up a work environment requiring the workforce to perform to the maximum level of their capabilities. Performance management system starts with the communication of duties and responsibilities of an individual employee, the actual performance of duties and an evaluation procedure. The whole process is facilitated by a feedback mechanism that serves to ensure adherence to organizational goals. Effective performance management as an element in HRD ensures the following. First, there is continued improvement in productivity both in the manner employees work and the subsequent outcomes. Secondly, effective performance management ensures a commensurate reward to employees contribution hence improvement in employee morale. Thirdly, top performers are retained when an effective performance management is employed. Retention arises from the employee loyalty and low labour turn over achieved when employees e xperience a sense of achievement (ZÃ ¼gner Ullrich, 2009). Finally, organization enjoys increased profitability derived from employee loyalty which in turn leads to customer loyalty. The HRM office conducts performance appraisals usually on quarterly basis of the performance period. According to ZÃ ¼gner Ullrich (2009), career development can be enhanced through provision of paid study leaves and partial or full reimbursement of training expenses when employees seek training outside the organization. HRD equips the employees with better skills of doing work which boosts their performance levels. High performance levels in return generates better compensation package. Furthermore, HRD raises the self esteem of employees especially if their skills level were extremely low. Employee and various labor relations issues The practice HRM is responsible in ensuring adherence to the set labour relations policy. Employee/labour relation is the concern for the relationship and interaction between lower level employees and the organizations upper management level (Burstein, 1994). Labor relation policy addresses the following issues in the organization. To start with, labour relations policy enacts proper administration procedures within the organization. Employees can correctly project the administrative issues that will be practiced in the organization. For example, workers can expect that they will have a unity of command and a clearly defined chain of command governing them. Moreover, employees are aware of the importance of their participation in decision making in whichever level. Second, labour relations policy ensures maintenance of an effective and positive discipline in the organization. The policy clearly outlines the legal issues that govern discipline and the remedial measures to be taken for correction. When employees commit errors necessitating the need for effective dispute resolution in the workplace, they are not left under the mercies of the organization management alone, but rather labor relations policy provides the required guidelines in seeking amicable solution (Dowling et al, 2008). In case the organization infringes on the rights of the employees, the labour relations policy also comes into effect to define the extent of compensation that the employees are entitled to. Third, labour relations policy establishes the lines of communication in an organization which forms a foundation for employee morale. Fourth, the policies guarantees uninterrupted production since there is a continuous employment for employees and managers and a full utilization of resources. With maximum possible production, there is a predictable continuity in flow of income that enhances smooth running of organization. Finally, labor relations reduce wastage of HR, machines and materials thus protectin g national interest of conservation. Adherence to labour relations is paramount to personal lives of employees as well as on their future career prospects. This is mainly because the policy provides an opportunity for mental revolution (ZÃ ¼gner Ullrich, 2009). In fact the objective of labour relations policy is to enhance a complete mental revolution in the workforce. A peaceful coexistence ultimately lies in a changed appearance both on the organization and the employees. Management of organization needs to formulate relationships that enhance consonance with true democracy spirit. The organization and the employees must perceive themselves as members of a partnership that recognizes the contribution of each. Development of such an understanding improves the affective domain of an employee that is important in the modern social world. Social employees have a chance to develop in their careers as well as fit in their contextual organizations through the normal challenges that exist. Safety and Health On health and safety of employees in the organization, HRM ensures conformance both as a legal requirement as well as a care for humanity. Organizations depend on smooth running of operations as directed by employees. As such, the health and safety of employees need to be guarded. Health refers to the state of being in a human/ worker in an organization Dowling et al, 2008). The state of well being includes mental, emotional and physical wholeness of an individual. Safety may be defined as to the safeguarding of physical well being of a worker. Safety minimizes/eliminates risk of accidents due to fire or diseases as well as machinery. At large, Security encompasses protection of equipments and facilities from damage and unauthorized access. The HRM office coordinates safety programs and enhances awareness of the organizations health and safety policies. In ensuring safety awareness, the HRM office should train the members of organization on handling safety equipments, maintenance of working conditions that are safe as well as developing appropriate safety reporting mechanisms (Riccucci, 2006). Health and safety of employees safeguards their lives thereby giving them opportunities to advance in their careers. Conclusion In conclusion, the HRM function in an integral part of any organization in ensuring the realization of established goals. The said office harmonizes the dream of the founders of the organization, which is expressed as objectives or strategic plans, and the efforts that are applied by the workforce. Indeed, the essence of work is realization of the set objectives without which hard work would be meaningless. The functions of the HRM office are interrelated and interdependent. Their weights/importance is intertwined by the close relationships that they hold. As such no function can be said to hold more weight than the other. Sourcing of the workforce is however important as the first step that determines success and cost of operation in the other functions. Ensuring equality and fair practices under legal employee relations procedures in the workplace boosts firms commitment in attaining the set objectives. References Burstein, P. (1994). Equal employment opportunity: labor market discrimination and public policy. Piscataway, U.S.A: Aldine Transaction Publishers. Dowling, P. J., Festing, M Engle, D. A. (2008). International human resource management: managing people in a multinational context. Florence, KY: Cengage Learning EMEA Publishers. Riccucci, M. N. (2006). Public Personnel Administration and Labor Relations. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe Publishers. ZÃ ¼gner, C. Ullrich, S. (2009). Compensation and Remuneration. Munich, Germany: GRIN Verlag Publishers.

Web-Based Training Verses Instructor-Led Training :: essays research papers

Web-Based Training Verses In my department, we offer two types of training for automotive dealers. The first type is our Web-Based Training (WBT), and the second is Instructor-Led Training (ILT). These training courses have many similarities, such as learning objectives, total content, layout, structure and flow. They differ, however, in how each course is delivered, when the learning takes place, and the cost of the training. One of the similarities between WBT and ILT is the learning objectives. Regardless of the delivery method, the learning outcomes for the student are the same. Another similarity is the content, which may include text, graphics, quizzes, exercises, and tests. Slides comprised of graphics and text that are used to support ILT are the basis for the visuals presented in WBT. The layout, structure and flow of the two courses are also very similar. During both of the courses, information is presented to the student, an application exercise is conducted, a quiz on the learning module is given. A final summarizing exam is provided after all the learning modules are complete. While WBT and ILT have similarities, they have differences as well. One of these differences is in the way the course is delivered. WBT is offered online, in a multimedia format where the student sits solo in front of a computer and interacts only with the content. ILT takes place in a classroom, where students receive lectures, ask questions of the instructor, and engage in discussions. A further difference is in the learning environment, including when the learning takes place. WBT is held at any time, at any place, on a computer with an internet connection. Not all students learn at the same pace, or at the same time (asynchronous). However, ILT is scheduled, and directed, and class start and end times are based on availability of faculties and instructor. ILT is synchronous and learning takes place concurrently; everyone takes it at the same time with a group of people with which they interact (L. Ross, personal communication, June 12, 2003). The WBT version of our course is priced with a one-time registration fee of fifty dollars. The bundles range from one hundred to three hundred dollars in price. The dealer chooses a bundle of three, six, or twelve courses. This is a pricing strategy based on volume, and the more you purchase the more you save. ILT pricing is on a per attendee basis.

Ikea’s Global Sourcing Challenge: Indian Rugs and Child Labor Essay

IKEA is a Swedish company producing home furnishing products at low prices. The company was founded in 1943 by Ingvar Kamprad and kept growing tremendously from 2 stores in 1964 to 114 stores in 1994. It’s very useful to mention the ikea’s vision that says â€Å"Creating a better life for the many people† for understanding the deep credo of saving cost among all the departments of IKEA, everything that IKEA does has the aim of reducing price to the customer. Besides its success stories, the company has faced environmental and social issues. The environmental issue of Formaldehyde was solved but sales dropped by 20% in Denmark. In 1992, the company got the same issue, which cost IKEA around $7 million. IKEA learned a lesson; publicity can bring a big loss in sales, not considering the damage to the brand image. In the spring of 1995, another film is threaten to be shown on German television about children working at looms at Rangan Exports, an Indian company used by IKEA, and the producer then invited IKEA to send someone to take part in a live discussion during the program. These events urged the company to consider environmental and social issues more seriously. It is very important to focus to the long term contract that IKEA establishes with its suppliers, in fact they promote â€Å"to develop long-term business partners†, and they also say â€Å"†¦ We are in this for the long run† always with the aim of reducing cost and creating a faithful relationship. On the process of globalization, IKEA needs to get the cheapest suppliers and therefore goes to countries that offer cheap labor. When IKEA set its suppliers in these countries, it could not avoid these problems. The fact that IKEA does not have its own manufacturing facilities; instead it uses subcontracted manufacturers all over the world for supplies makes it more complex and difficult to keep track of the company’s suppliers and subsuppliers (almost 2300 suppliers in 70 countries and a range of 11200 products). It is even more difficult to keep track of children working in homes where whole families worked on looms from the subsuppliers’ level. The best strategy is to avoid social and environmental issues right from the beginning as when these issues emerge, they immediately affect the products’ sales tremendously. To avoid this threat of loss in profit, IKEA may consider withdrawing from India. However, if IKEA withdraws from India market, it will lose a big opportunity of cheap labor and put the company at disadvantage position as other competitors accessing the same opportunities to compete for lower product prices. IKEA therefore should not look for a new business opportunity by leaving India but keep up with the trend and get ahead of the issue and its rivals. Some people may argue that if the company is actively involved with the issue, it may have a drop in profit compared to its competitors. The threat may be true in the short term also because of the clause of cancellation of the contract. However, IKEA can turn the threat into a big opportunity in the long term by actively involving and publicizing its achievement whit the website and display advertising in the stores to let customers appreciate the effort ,as done before with the forest issue. The strict partnership with all suppliers doesn’t permit IKEA to abandon one of his supplier when problems occur, the supply network will be scared from the behavior of the company when an help is needed; in fact IKEA says that â€Å"We do not buy from our suppliers. We buy unused production capacity† in this way we can observe that the suppliers depends from IKEA. To go or not to go to the show? If the show ensure IKEA the possibility of speaking freely and to defend itself, so to be able to speak and give further explanation of the problem, they should go; if the show doesn’t ensure any freedom of speaking and the show will be only a â€Å"public pillory†, IKEA should not go and do a press conference the day after, where it will explain deeply the press release and all the intention of IKEA for the future. For this complex situation, it is recommended that IKEA should join the program. The company had gained already some positive achievements to the child labor issue since the problem was first raised by Swedish television. IKEA could discuss the information it had collected so far from UNICEF, Swedish Save the Children and the ILO and show it had the same attitude as the director of the documentary film as well as reaching the same goals of deleting child labor. It could show its appreciation to the director for helping spot the child labor at the company’s manufacturer and emphasizing that the company is going to analyze the case more deeply. IKEA possibly mentions its spirit of not avoiding mistakes to search for creative solutions. Moreover with a carefully considered plan, participating in the television program would help save the brand and image. After the television program, IKEA needs to come up with a solution for the case and the long-term strategy to deal with child labor issue, and admitting that the clause of the contract was too strict, and it would be better to establish a plan (3-5 years) for the future with those countries. Barner should make a trip to Rangan Exports and investigate the case entirely and get in touch with the reality of the facts. All the children working there should be collected and offered education opportunities (Corporate Social Responsibility, Citizenship of the company). The company needs to create its own children budget to help children found working. By this way, IKEA could continue its relationship with its suppliers (most of them are in developing countries), calling for the cooperation from suppliers to allow IKEA’s professional random inspection. Working with Rugmark is another good option if IKEA can make sure the child labor problem is under control. Because IKEA does not have its own manufacturers and gets its supplies from other suppliers, it is challenging for IKEA’s ability to manage and control the whole production process. Unless IKEA can be sure that there’s no child labor in the company, it is encouraged to allow Rugmark to monitor the use of child labor on IKEA’s behalf. If IKEA follows the steps explained above, it will improve its level of social responsibility and sustainability. The company could advance itself to the even higher level, an interactive level, by executing more assertive and precise plans. The interactive level promises a long-term advantage in brand image and profit as done before with the â€Å"going green† program. As child labor is considered â€Å"Indian culture†, it requires a lot of time, energy and finance to make progress. The company needs to work tightly with UNICEF, NGOs, and Save the Children Alliance to learn from each other. In India, because of economic initiatives, families send children to work. Therefore, to help improve the situation, IKEA need to fund a budget in the need of education for those families. Besides, the company should lobby to coerce the government to get involved more actively in the process. In the long run, family income boosting plans need to be implemented to obtain a better standard living for Indian families as poverty is the root of the problem.

How to Form Latin Superlative Adjectives

How to Form Latin Superlative Adjectives Using a superlative form of an adjective takes the basic sense of the adjective to the extreme, so the superlative of basic would be most basic. Identifying Superlatives Latin superlative adjectives are usually easy to identify. Most contain -issim- (e.g., suavissimus, -a, -um most charming). If they dont have -issim-, they will likely have -llim- (difficillimus, -a, -u most difficult) or -rrim- (celerrimus, -a, -um swiftest) in them. This double consonant -im- precedes the case ending. Translation of Superlatives Superlatives are usually translated into English with -est or most. They can also be translated with very or extremely. Difficillimus means most difficult or very difficult. Celerrimus means fastest or very fast. Declension of Superlatives Superlative adjectives are declined like first and second declension nouns. Superlatives are adjectives and as such must agree with the nouns they modify in gender, number, and case. The endings are added to the base of the adjective. These endings are not new or different, but theyre here for convenience: Singularcase M. F. N.nom. -us -a -umgen. -i -ae -idat. -o -ae -oacc. -um -am -umabl. -o -a -o Pluralcase M. F. N.nom. -i -ae -agen. -orum -arum -orumdat. -is -is -isacc. -os -as -aabl. -is -is -is Example: Clarus - Clarissimus -a -um Clear - Clearest Singular case M F Nnom. clarissimus clarissima clarissimumgen. clarissimi clarissimae clarissimidat. clarissimo clarissimae clarissimoacc. clarissimum clarissimam clarissimumabl. clarissimo clarissima clarissimo Plural case M F Nnom. clarissimi clarissimae clarissimagen. clarissimorum clarissimarum clarissimorumdat. clarissimis clarissimis clarissimisacc. clarissimos clarissimas clarissimaabl. clarissimis clarissimis clarissimis Unusual Superlatives If an adjective ends in -er for its masculine singular nominative in what is called the positive (e.g., for the Latin adjective pulcher beautiful, pulcher is the positive form), its superlative form will end in -errimus, -a, -um. If the masculine singular nominative form of the adjective ends in -ilis (e.g., facilis easy), the superlative form will be -illimus, -a, -um. Singular case M F Nnom. pulcherrimus pulcherrima pulcherrimumgen. pulcherrimi pulcherrimae pulcherrimidat. pulcherrimo pulcherrimae pulcherrimoacc. pulcherrimum pulcherrimam pulcherrimumabl. pulcherrimo pulcherrima pulcherrimo Plural case M F Nnom. pulcherrimi pulcherrimae pulcherrimagen. pulcherrimorum pulcherrimarum pulcherrimorumdat. pulcherrimis pulcherrimis pulcherrimisacc. pulcherrimos pulcherrimas pulcherrimaabl. pulcherrimis pulcherrimis pulcherrimis Irregular Superlatives (Translation) Positive Comparative Superlative (Big, Bigger, Biggest) magnus, -a, -um maior, maius maximus, -a, -um(Small, Smaller, Smallest) parvus, -a, -um minor, minus minimus, -a, -um(Good, Better, Best) bonus, -a, -um melior, melius optimus, -a, -um(Bad, Worse, Worst) malus, -a, -um peior, peius pessimus, -a, -um

Medical Data Essays

Medical Data Essays Medical Data Paper Medical Data Paper Medical data collectively represents information that was or is being obtained from individuals who have consulted medical professionals or have been admitted to health care facilities due to health and medical problems and concerns. The types of medical data include narrative data or textual data, which includes personal information (name, date of birth, occupation, medical history, family or social background, etc. ) and written remarks of medical professionals (codes that represent the status of patients, etc. ), numerical data (measurements such as vital signs, various measurements conducted, etc.  ), recorded signals in the form of Mammography, ECG, and such, and data in the form of pictures (x-rays, radiologic images, and sketches or drawings). (Charette, 2006) Medical data differs from business, corporate, or organizational data because it is utilized to provide health solutions, remedies, and preventive action that will benefit patients or clients. Business, corporate, or organizational data, on the other hand, is focused on obtaining and keeping information in order to sustain the needs and requirements of the company for growth and development. Therefore, medical data is utilized outwardly as a means to serve the people, while organizational data is utilized inwardly, such that the results of gathering and storing data benefits businesses or corporations more than their clients. Moreover, while organizational data are mostly based on accurate information or figures, medical data requires the expertise of medical professionals to interpret and obtain information relevant to the concept of gathering medical data. Perhaps the number and complexity of utilizing technology to digitize medical data make it difficult for health care facilities to computerize them. Apparently, digital imaging for medical data requires the utilization of new technologies that were designed for this specific purpose. However, the problem is that it is expensive. Health care facilities are left with the decision whether to spend funds for technological systems for storing data or to allocate it for health care service purposes. (Renner, 1996) Moreover, medical data are numerous. It would not be easy to computerize them in just a couple of hours. Doing so will require much time and effort. Of course technological gadgets being used to store medical data necessitate knowledge of how to operate them. Medical professionals agree that utilizing technological systems for obtaining and storing medical data requires that they learn how to operate these gadgets. (Funke, 2008) References Charette, R. N. (2006). Electronic Medical Records: Dying for Data. Retrieved October 14, 2008, from IEE Spectrum Online. Website: spectrum. ieee. org/feb08/4589 Funke, O. (2008). Electronic Medical Records and Privacy: Purpose, Benefits and Problems. Retrieved October 14, 2008, from All Academic Incorporated. Website: allacademic. com/meta/p281245_index. html Renner, K. (1996). Cost-Justifying Electronic Medical Records. Retrieved October 14, 2008, from CNET Networks, Inc. Website: http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m3257/is_n10_v50/ai_18794085

Critical thinking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critical thinking - Assignment Example This might be one of the reasons the company is not growing as Henry seems to be micromanaging which is in the process stifling the organization he is trying to build. The very management style that is employed by Henry, the very management style that was critical in taking the company off the ground which is evidently based on a zealous focus on tactical execution is evidently derailing the growth of the company down the line. In this case, Henry is lost in the heat of battle, and has evidently failed to adapt their management style to the rapidly evolving needs of their growing organizations. A quick look at the organization structure and going by Henry’s responses, one would easily reveal the problem instantly. Providing his personal review of invoices before they were sent to customers is part of the problem which like he says cuts into a lot of time. Compounding this problem is the fact that the office is open which does not give him a place where to concentrate on the type of

Business Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 10

Business Law - Assignment Example USA), the Supreme Court actually decided against the Pasquantinos, arguing that they have been guilty in violating Federal Wire Fraud laws. In this case, I don’t think that the Pasquantinos and the Hilts would not be able to succeed in their legal argument, given that the nature of the law was against smuggling, the very crime that the Pasquantinos and the Hilts committed. Meanwhile, with regards to the third case (USA v. Dotterweich); I think that he must still be held criminally responsible for violating the Food, Drugs and Cosmetics Act. Although it may be argued that he may have not participated directly in shipping misbranded drugs, this fact does not remove his responsibility to ensure that his business is actually complying with all standards and regulations that are being enforced by the state. In this case, given that it is still his company, such failure to comply with regulations is fully within his